Reference range: HPLC method: HbA1c (%) 5.0%~8.0% Affinity chromatography: Adult glycosylated hemoglobin: 5.0%~8.0% Immunoturbidimetric method HbA1c: IFCC calculation scheme: 2.8%~3.8% DCCT/NGSP calculation scheme : 4.8%~6.0% Enzymatic method: Adult HbA1c: 3.6%~6.0%

Influencing factors:

The A1c test does not reflect temporary, acute increases or decreases in blood sugar. Blood sugar fluctuations in patients with "brittle" diabetes are not reflected by A1c. When hemoglobin is abnormal, such as sickle cell hemoglobin (hemoglobin S), the amount of hemoglobin A is reduced. This reduces the effectiveness of A1c for monitoring diabetes. If you have anemia, hemolysis, or heavy bleeding, your test results may be falsely low. If you are iron deficient, your A1c test results may be elevated. If you have recently received a blood transfusion, your A1c will be falsely elevated (the glucose level in the blood preservation solution is higher) and will not truly reflect blood sugar control within 2 to 3 months.

Clinical significance:

1. Hemoglobin (Hb) in adult red blood cells is usually composed of HbA1, HbA2 and HbF, of which HbA1 is the main one. Glycated hemoglobin is the product of slow and continuous non-enzymatic glycation reaction of hemoglobin under the action of high blood sugar, usually accounting for 5% of the total Hb. ~8%, and can reach 15% ~ 18% in diabetic patients. Its main component is glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). In addition, there are three types: HbA1a1, HbA1a2 and HbA1b.

2. The formation of glycated hemoglobin is irreversible, and its concentration is related to the lifespan of red blood cells (average 120 days) and the average concentration of blood sugar during that period. It is not affected by daily glucose fluctuations, nor is it affected by exercise or food, so glycated hemoglobin reflects The average blood glucose concentration in the past 6 to 8 weeks, so this test is mainly used to evaluate the degree of diabetes control. When diabetes is poorly controlled, the GHb concentration can be as high as more than 2 times normal.

3． The conversion of plasma glucose to glycated Hb is time-dependent. After the blood glucose concentration changes sharply, HbA1c changes rapidly in the first 2 months, and then enters a dynamic stable state after 3 months. The half-life of HbA1c is 35 days. Since the formation of glycated Hb is related to the life span of red blood cells, when hemolytic diseases and other reasons cause the life span of red blood cells to be shortened, such as recent massive blood loss and the large production of new red blood cells, the result of glycated Hb will be low. Glycated Hb can still be used to monitor the above-mentioned patients, but its measured value must be compared with its own previous measured value rather than compared with the reference value.

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